/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
  =========                 |
  \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
   \\    /   O peration     | Website:  https://openfoam.org
    \\  /    A nd           | Copyright (C) 2011-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
     \\/     M anipulation  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
    This file is part of OpenFOAM.

    OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
    ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
    for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with OpenFOAM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include "standardPhaseChange.H"
#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
#include "thermoSingleLayer.H"
#include "zeroField.H"

// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

namespace Foam
{
namespace regionModels
{
namespace surfaceFilmModels
{

// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Static Data Members * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

defineTypeNameAndDebug(standardPhaseChange, 0);

addToRunTimeSelectionTable
(
    phaseChangeModel,
    standardPhaseChange,
    dictionary
);

// * * * * * * * * * * * * Protected Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * //

scalar standardPhaseChange::Sh
(
    const scalar Re,
    const scalar Sc
) const
{
    if (Re < 5.0E+05)
    {
        return 0.664*sqrt(Re)*cbrt(Sc);
    }
    else
    {
        return 0.037*pow(Re, 0.8)*cbrt(Sc);
    }
}


// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

standardPhaseChange::standardPhaseChange
(
    surfaceFilmRegionModel& film,
    const dictionary& dict
)
:
    phaseChangeModel(typeName, film, dict),
    deltaMin_(readScalar(coeffDict_.lookup("deltaMin"))),
    L_(readScalar(coeffDict_.lookup("L"))),
    TbFactor_(coeffDict_.lookupOrDefault<scalar>("TbFactor", 1.1)),
    YInfZero_(coeffDict_.lookupOrDefault<Switch>("YInfZero", false))
{}


// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Destructor  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

standardPhaseChange::~standardPhaseChange()
{}


// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

template<class YInfType>
void standardPhaseChange::correctModel
(
    const scalar dt,
    scalarField& availableMass,
    scalarField& dMass,
    scalarField& dEnergy,
    YInfType YInf
)
{
    const thermoSingleLayer& film = filmType<thermoSingleLayer>();

    // Set local thermo properties
    const SLGThermo& thermo = film.thermo();
    const filmThermoModel& filmThermo = film.filmThermo();
    const label vapId = thermo.carrierId(filmThermo.name());

    // Retrieve fields from film model
    const scalarField& delta = film.delta();
    const scalarField& pInf = film.pPrimary();
    const scalarField& T = film.T();
    const scalarField& hs = film.hs();
    const scalarField& rho = film.rho();
    const scalarField& rhoInf = film.rhoPrimary();
    const scalarField& muInf = film.muPrimary();
    const scalarField& magSf = film.magSf();
    const vectorField dU(film.UPrimary() - film.Us());
    const scalarField limMass
    (
        max(scalar(0), availableMass - deltaMin_*rho*magSf)
    );

    // Molecular weight of vapour [kg/kmol]
    const scalar Wvap = thermo.carrier().Wi(vapId);

    // Molecular weight of liquid [kg/kmol]
    const scalar Wliq = filmThermo.W();

    forAll(dMass, celli)
    {
        scalar dm = 0;

        if (delta[celli] > deltaMin_)
        {
            // Cell pressure [Pa]
            const scalar pc = pInf[celli];

            // Calculate the boiling temperature
            const scalar Tb = filmThermo.Tb(pc);

            // Local temperature - impose lower limit of 200 K for stability
            const scalar Tloc = min(TbFactor_*Tb, max(200.0, T[celli]));

            // Saturation pressure [Pa]
            const scalar pSat = filmThermo.pv(pc, Tloc);

            // Latent heat [J/kg]
            const scalar hVap = filmThermo.hl(pc, Tloc);

            // Calculate mass transfer
            if (pSat >= 0.95*pc)
            {
                // Boiling
                const scalar Cp = filmThermo.Cp(pc, Tloc);
                const scalar Tcorr = max(0.0, T[celli] - Tb);
                const scalar qCorr = limMass[celli]*Cp*(Tcorr);
                dm = qCorr/hVap;
            }
            else
            {
                // Primary region density [kg/m3]
                const scalar rhoInfc = rhoInf[celli];

                // Primary region viscosity [Pa.s]
                const scalar muInfc = muInf[celli];

                // Reynolds number
                const scalar Re = rhoInfc*mag(dU[celli])*L_/muInfc;

                // Vapour mass fraction at interface
                const scalar Ys = Wliq*pSat/(Wliq*pSat + Wvap*(pc - pSat));

                // Vapour diffusivity [m2/s]
                const scalar Dab = filmThermo.D(pc, Tloc);

                // Schmidt number
                const scalar Sc = muInfc/(rhoInfc*(Dab + rootVSmall));

                // Sherwood number
                const scalar Sh = this->Sh(Re, Sc);

                // Mass transfer coefficient [m/s]
                const scalar hm = Sh*Dab/(L_ + rootVSmall);

                // Add mass contribution to source
                dm = dt*magSf[celli]*rhoInfc*hm*(Ys - YInf[celli])/(1.0 - Ys);
            }

            dMass[celli] += min(limMass[celli], max(dm, 0));

            // Heat is assumed to be removed by heat-transfer to the wall
            // so the energy remains unchanged by the phase-change.
            dEnergy[celli] += dm*hs[celli];
            // dEnergy[celli] += dm*(hs[celli] + hVap);
        }
    }
}


void standardPhaseChange::correctModel
(
    const scalar dt,
    scalarField& availableMass,
    scalarField& dMass,
    scalarField& dEnergy
)
{
    if (YInfZero_)
    {
        correctModel(dt, availableMass, dMass, dEnergy, zeroField());
    }
    else
    {
        const thermoSingleLayer& film = filmType<thermoSingleLayer>();
        const label vapId = film.thermo().carrierId(film.filmThermo().name());
        const scalarField& YInf = film.YPrimary()[vapId];

        correctModel(dt, availableMass, dMass, dEnergy, YInf);
    }
}


// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

} // End namespace surfaceFilmModels
} // End namespace regionModels
} // End namespace Foam

// ************************************************************************* //
